Studying God's Word on a Sunday Morning

Tuesday, August 27, 2013

22ND SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C)

He told a parable to those who had been invited, noticing how they were choosing the places of honor at the table.

Lk 14: 1. 7-14

Please go to << 22nd Sunday in Ordinary Time 2010 >>
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From Mobile Gabriel:

14:1 This verse introduces the last Lucan controversy on a Sabbath. Luke uses the symposium (a popular Greek literary genre) as a framework in which Jesus answers the questions and problems facing the Lucan communities. The events of Luke 14:1-14 do not appear in any other Gospel.

14:7 This is the first part of the "wisdom teaching" of Jesus that was set up in the symposium format. The word, "invited" is used for the "apparently elect" and for "those who consider themselves elect." This sets up a contrast in verses 16-24 between the elect and nonelect.

14:11 Luke places a theological meaning on, what had been, a proverb of secular Roman and Greek wisdom. In this context it means that God will not be fooled by one's self-promotion. God is immune to any public relations tricks we can try to pull on Him.

14:13 The people Luke lists here are those who were often considered by contemporary writers to be forbidden entry into the eschatological or Messianic banquet. Luke added "the poor" to the commonly used list. The term, "the poor," was often used in Jewish literature as a name for Israel or the elect within Israel (the poor of God). Perhaps Luke is ironically expanding the list of the elect.

14:14 Those who are rewarded are those who have shared food and life with the disadvantaged.

Tuesday, August 20, 2013

21ST SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C)

Strive to enter through the narrow gate.

Lk 13:22-30

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Tuesday, August 13, 2013

20TH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C)

Lk 12:49-53

v. 49. I have come to set the earth on fire.

Recall Lk 3:16. The mention of baptizing with the holy Spirit and with fire may point to the Pentecost event when the Holy Spirit came down upon the community in the form of tongues of fire. In this case, the power of fire and thus, the power of the Holy Spirit may be the one being referred to. However, from the context of the preaching of John the Baptist, he probably was thinking of the purifying and refining characteristics of fire.

Fire is mentioned in the Bible several times to mean other things.

Fire represented the presence of God as in the burning bush (Ex 3:1-4) and the pillar of fire that guided Israel at night (Ex 13:21).

Fire also represented divine punishment. We see this is in the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gn 1(:23-24). John the Baptist used the fire imagery for divine punishment (Lk 3:9). In the Sermon on the Mount Jesus used the expression fiery Gehenna for punishment (Mt 5:22).

Purification as symbolized by fire may be a painful process. But in the end the experience of liberation may make the pain worth it.

v. 50. There is a baptism with which I must be baptized, and how great is my anguish until it is accomplished.

In the early church baptism was carried out by means of total immersion. Jesus speaks of his death on the cross as being immersed in suffering.

v. 51. Do you think that I have come to establish peace on the earth? No, I tell you, but rather division.

This declaration of Jesus is alarming. It seems to contradict many things in the NT.

The title of Prince of Peace (Is 9:6) was applied to Jesus. The angels greeted his birth by proclaiming peace (Lk 2:14). In the Beatitudes Jesus declared peacemakers as blessed (Mt 5:9). St. Paul in his letter to the Ephesians asserted that Christ brought us peace (Eph 2:14). But especially at the last Supper before his passion and death Jesus gave to his disciples his peace, a peace that the world cannot give (Jn 14:27). And when he appeared to them for the first time after his resurrection, he first word was one of peace (Jn 20:19).

And yet at the beginning of his life we already see signs of division as seen in the violence and opposition that Jesus seemed to provoke. Herod tried to kill him (Mt 2:13-14). And Simeon under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit prophesied opposition to Jesus (Lk 2:34). Right at the beginning of his public ministry, he was rejected by his own townspeople. They even tried to kill him (Lk 4:28-30). If that wasn’t enough the Pharisees and Herodians conspired to put him to death, too (Mk 3:6). He warned his own disciples that they, too, should expect the same treatment (Jn 15: 20-21). In the end the forces of evil seemed to have succeeded in their violent opposition to Jesus (Mk15:12-15).

How do we reconcile the claim that Jesus is the bringer of peace with the division, opposition and violence that he seems to provoke?

The problem I believe is not in Jesus but in the response of people to him. Those who accept Jesus and his message find peace. Those who reject Jesus and his message will find themselves in a position opposed to him and to those who accept Jesus and his message. And with the existence of opposing sides, division and conflict are inevitable.

But peace is still possible. If not outside, then inside at least. Peace of mind. Peace of soul. And Jesus can bring us this inner peace. That is why this assertion is true.

Know Jesus. Know peace.

No Jesus. No peace.

Tuesday, August 06, 2013

19TH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C)

“Gird your loins and light your lamps and be like servants who await their master’s return from a wedding,

Lk 12:35-40

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Monday, July 29, 2013

18TH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C)

“Take care to guard against all greed, for though one may be rich, one’s life does not consist of possessions.”

Lk 12:13-21

Monday, July 22, 2013

17TH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C)

“Lord, teach us to pray just as John taught his disciples.”

Lk 11:1-13

Please proceed to

17th Sunday in Ordinary Time (C) 2010

17th Sunday in Orindary Time (C) 2007

Monday, July 15, 2013

16TH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME

She had a sister named Mary who sat beside the Lord at his feet listening to him speak.

Lk 10:38-42

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16th Sunday in Ordinary Time 2010

16th Sunday in Ordinary Time 2007

Tuesday, July 09, 2013

15TH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C)

Which of these three, in your opinion, was neighbor to the robbers’ victim?”

Lk 10:25-37

Also see >>>> 15th Sunday in Ordinary Time 2010

What must I do to inherit eternal life?

This question was put to Jesus in order to test him. The answer was: love God and love your neighbour. But there was also another instance when Jesus was asked, “What is the greatest commandment?” And this was also meant to test Jesus. And the answer he gave was the same: love God and love your neighbor. This came to be known as the two-fold commandment of love.

Two-fold commandment of love

The first part of the commandment is taken from what is known as the Shema. “Hear, O Israel! The Lord alone is our God. You shall love….” It is found in Dt. 6:4-9. The Moslems have a similar declaration: “There is only one God and he is Allah and Mohammad is his prophet.” What is significant with the Shema is that we are asked to love God with our heart, being, strength and mind. What does this mean? Heart, being, strength and mind constitute the whole person. We are, therefore, asked to love God with a personal love. The following are examples of personal love: the love between friends; the love between husband and wife; the love between parent and child; the love between siblings. We are called to love God in a similar fashion.

The second part is to love your neighbor as yourself. Let’s re-word it. Love your neighbor in the same way that you love yourself. Therefore, Christianity doesn’t only teach us to love others. It teaches us to love ourselves, too. In fact, the further implication is that chronologically and logically we have to love ourselves first.

And who is my neighbor?

How do we interpret this question? The scholar is asking Jesus to tell him how his fellowman should behave so he becomes a neighbour. In other words, being neighbor is the responsibility of the other and not of oneself.

By narrating the parable Jesus is telling the scholar that he got it all wrong. Being neighbor is not the responsibility of one’s fellowman. Being neighbor is one’s responsibility. That was why the question of Jesus at the end was: Who behaved as a neighbor to robbery victim? And the answer was: the one who showed him mercy.

This reminds me of a story recounted by a priest a long time ago. He said that he was riding a motorbike and he met an accident. People came to him. But to his surprise he felt someone taking his watch. That person was there not to help him but to rob him!

The Priest and the Levite

Let us not be harsh with the priest and the Levite. They did not even come near the victim. But it was not because they were heartless. The priest and the Levite were on their way to Jerusalem to serve at the Temple. If they touched the victim and he turned out to be dead, they would be unclean. Once unclean they can not serve in the Temple. They can not serve God. For them God comes first. So they have a point. They were probably acting in good faith.

However, Jesus teaches us that in these situations when a fellowman is in need of our help, our fellowman should be helped.

The Samaritan

St. Luke likes to make the Samaritan the good guy, the hero. When Jesus healed the 10 lepers, only one came back to say thank you. And he was a Samaritan. This is unusual. The expected hero and good guy would be the Jew and the Samaritan would be the bad guy. It’s like in the movies. When Americans and Russians fight, who wins? The Americans, of course. When the Filipinos and the Japanese fight in WWII? Who are the presented as the good guys. The Filipinos, of course.

Why did St. Luke present the Samaritan as the good guy when he told the parable before his fellow Jews? Perhaps it was to unsettle his hearers. He wanted to rattle them. He wanted them to think. And that is what a parable is supposed to do. Parables are not merely to entertain. They are not just to teach a lesson. They are meant to challenge and provoke the listeners. And that was probably happened when Jesus recounted the parable before his Jewish audience.

Tuesday, July 02, 2013

14th SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C)

At that time the Lord appointed seventy-two others whom he sent ahead of him in pairs to every town and place he intended to visit.

Lk 10:1-12. 17-20

See also >>> 14TH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME

v. 1. After this the Lord appointed seventy [-two] others whom he sent ahead of him in pairs.

Seventy is rich in biblical meaning. It may be an allusion to the 70 elders who helped Moses. It could be the number of translators of the Hebrew Bible into Geek. Hence, the Greek OT is called the Septuagint (LXX). It may refer to the traditional number of gentile nations. In this case, Luke may be thinking of the time when the disciples will go out the whole world to proclaim the good news.

v. 3. Behold, I am sending you like lambs among wolves.

The disciples are warned that they will meet opposition and hostility, just like Jesus himself.

v. 4. Carry no money bag. Greet no one along the way.

Like the Levites of the OT, the disciples have a right to community support.

The mission is urgent. They should not be distracted by the ritual of greeting which tended to be long-winded.

v. 5. Into whatever house you enter, first say, ‘Peace to this household.’

Peace or “shalom” is a traditional Jewish greeting. Here is means “May the fruits of salvation come upon this house.” The fruits of salvation, of course, come from Jesus Christ.

v. 6. If a peaceful person lives there….

Peaceful person = son of peace. Someone worthy of peace.

v. 7. Stay in the same house and eat and drink what is offered to you, for the laborer deserves his payment. Do not move about from one house to another.

Food and shelter are not alms, but wages. St. Paul says that this has scriptural authority. For the scripture says, “You shall not muzzle an ox when it is threshing,” and, “A worker deserves his pay.” (1Tim 5:18)

He must not give in to the temptation of seeking a more comfortable lodging.

v. 8. Whatever town you enter and they welcome you, eat what is set before you.

Jewish dietary laws do not apply anymore.

v. 10. The kingdom of God is at hand for you.

Jesus has brought the kingdom. Now through his disciples other people are able to enter the Kingdom.

vv. 10-11. Whatever town you enter and they do not receive you, go out into the streets and say, ‘The dust of your town that clings to our feet, even that we shake off against you.’

This signifies a complete disassociation or break. And that was what St. Paul and St. Barnabas did in Antioch of Pisidia. “The Jews, however, incited the women of prominence who were worshipers and the leading men of the city, stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them from their territory. So they shook the dust from their feet in protest against them and went to Iconium.” (Acts 13:50-51)