FOURTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (C)

But Jesus passed through the midst of them and went away.

Lk 4:21-30

They also asked, “Isn’t this the son of Joseph?”

The initial reaction of the people at hearing Jesus was amazement and praise. But this observation marked the change from acceptance of Jesus to rejection of Jesus. In other words, his “kababayan” realized that Jesus and his father were merely carpenters. How can Jesus pretend to be superior to them.

Do here in your native place the things that we heard were done in Capernaum.

Nazareth was the native place of Jesus. Capernaum was the headquarters of the public ministry of Jesus.

They rose up, drove him out of the town, and led him to the brow of the hill on which their town had been built, to hurl him down headlong.

The rejection of Jesus by his own people at Nazareth was a preview of the rejection of his own people, the Jewish people. They were not able to kill Jesus at Nazareth. But in Jerusalem they will succeed.

But Jesus passed through the midst of them and went away.

We do not know if the escape from death was miraculous. But it was important because for St. Luke, Jesus could not possibly die anywhere but in Jerusalem.

These words may appear comforting because Jesus managed to escape certain death. But these become frightening words if we see ourselves among the people from whom Jesus escaped. For it means that we are among those people who rejected Jesus. Rejection does not necessarily mean: “I don’t believe in you anymore.” Rejection can take subtle forms, such as failing to pay attention to him or forgetting him or living day by day as if he doesn’t exist.

THIRD SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME

Today this Scripture passage is fulfilled in your hearing.

Lk 1:1-4; 4:14-21

GOSPEL EXPLANATION

The Gospel

St. Luke wrote his gospel for Theophilus (which means beloved of God) so that he may be convinced of the certainty of the teachings he has received. Others before him have the done the same, that is, to write a narrative of the events surrounding Jesus of Nazareth.

...just as those who were eyewitnesses from the beginning and ministers of the word have handed them down to us....

The Latin for handed down is "tradere" from which the English word "tradition" comes from. St. Luke asserts that the content of his gospel comes from tradition.

(He) went according to his custom into the synagogue on the sabbath day.

The Sabbath or Saturday is the Lord's Day for the Jews. They would go to the synagogue for a religious service. There would be reading from the Law or the Prophets and followed by a homily. Any Hebrew adult male can be called to do this service, but the leaders of the synagogue generally gave this task to an expert in Scriptures.

The Spirit of the Lord is upon me....

This literarily took place at his baptism when the Holy Spirit appeared in bodily form similar to that of a dove.

...Because he has anointed me....

The anointing with oil happens at the consecration of a king, of a priest and of a prophet.

Today this Scripture passage is fulfilled in your hearing.

With the coming of Jesus the era of grace, announced by the prophets has begun.

STO. NINO

IMAGE

The image of the Santo Niño is the oldest religious image in the Philippines. The wooden image, made by Flemish artisans, was brought to the island by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, just like the Magellan cross. Magellan gave the image of the Santo Niño to Queen Juana as a baptismal gift.

Forty-four years later, in 1565, Cebu was for a big part destroyed by a fire. The fire was set on purpose by the Spaniards as a punishment for hostile activities of the Cebuanos. In one of the burned houses, a Spanish soldier found the image of Santo Niño. Remarkably unscathed! Since then, the miraculous image has been treated by the Cebuanos as its patron.

At present, the miraculous image is kept in the Parish convent, and only a replica, adorned with gold and precious stones and enshrined in glass, is hold inside the Basilica Minor del Santo.

CHURCH

The church was built near the place where the Santo Niño was found in the burned house. On this place the Spaniards built a church three times.

The first two times the church was built out of wood and nipa. Every time it was burned down. The construction of the present church dates from 1735.

In 1965 the church was given the title of "Basilica Minor del Santo Niño".

SINULOG

The Sinulog festival is one of the grandest, most distinguished and most colorful festivals in the Philippines. The major festival is held each year on the third Sunday of January in Cebu City to honor the Santo Niño, or the child Jesus. It is fundamentally a dance ritual which recalls the Filipino people's pagan past and their embrace of Christianity.

INFANT JESUS OF PRAGUE

Infant Jesus of Prague is a famous statue of the infant Jesus located in the Church of Our Lady of Victory in Malá Strana, Prague.

Its earliest history can be traced back to the year 1628 when a small, 48 centimeters in height, exquisite statue of wax Infant Jesus was brought into Bohemia by Polyxena von Lobkowitz. This princess had been given the statue as a wedding gift by her mother, Maria Manriquez de Lara of Spain, and the statue was given to the Discalced Carmelites in Prague. The statue was set upon the oratory of the monastery of Our Lady of Victory, Prague.

The center of devotion to the Infant Jesus of Prague is at the Benedictine church of San Beda in Mendiola.

in process

BAPTISM OF THE LORD

You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.

Lk 3:15-16, 21-22

GOSPEL EXPLANATION

I am baptizing you with water...He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.

Jesus baptizes with the Holy Spirit and fire. Hence, at Pentecost the Holy Spirit came as tongues of fire.

The baptism of John is not our Sacrament of Baptism. It does not confer the Holy Spirit. It does not cleanse from sin. It does not make us children of God.

The Holy Spirit descended upon him in bodily form like a dove.

The Holy Spirit became visible like the form of a dove, NOT in the bodily form of a dove. It’s like describing a bat. It looks like a flying mouse, but it is certainly not a mouse.

You are my beloved Son. With you I am well-pleased.

The mention of beloved son recalls Isaac. He was the beloved son of Abraham. God asked Abraham to offer his son Isaac on Mt. Moriah as a sacrifice. He was about to do that when an angel of the Lord stopped him. In the same way Jesus himself in sacrifice on Mt. Calvary.

THE BAPTISM OF JESUS

The Baptism of Jesus is the occasion for the Father to reveal Jesus as the Messiah. This is the second epiphany. Epiphany means manifestation of God. The first epiphany was the adoration of the Magi. There is a also a third, the miracle at Cana.

The Baptism of the Lord is not only the occasion of an epiphany. It also marks the beginning of the public ministry of Jesus among the people of Israel.

OUR BAPTISM

I shall explain some of the elements in the Rite of the Sacrament of Baptism: parents, ninong and ninang (godparents), water, formula of baptism, oil, white garment and candle.

Parents

In some places the parents are not present at baptism. The mother is busy preparing the food for the baptismal party while the father is on a drinking spree with his friends.But parents should be present because the child is going to be baptized in the faith of the parents and it will be their duty to raise the child as a good Catholic by word and example.

Ninong and Ninang (Godparents)

There should at least be one ninong or ninang who is chosen specifically to help the parents in raising the child to be a good Catholic. This ninong or ninang should therefore be a good Catholic and is willing to take this responsibility.

We should also understand the importance of the gift-giving role of godparents. Gifts make the child happy. Birthdays and Christmas become joyful occasions. A happy childhood is important for the healthy emotional growth of children.

Water

Water cleanses. We use it to wash dishes and clothes. We use it for bathing. The water of Baptism cleanses us of sin, both original sin and personal sin.

Water is necessary to sustain life. The human body is 60% water. The water of Baptism brings life. Those who are baptized are re-born as sons and daughters of God. They are not just given the label of God’s children. They really become his children.

I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.

When a mother declares, “My Jeremy takes his studies seriously”, she declares Jeremy as her own. Being baptized in the name of the Holy Trinity means that God declares that we belong to him. God recognizes us as his own.

Oil of Catechumens

In the Old Testament oil was used to anoint kings, prophets and priests. The newly baptized is anointed with oil because he shares in the three-fold office of Jesus Christ, that of king, prophet and priest.

This priesthood is called baptismal priesthood to differentiate it from the minis-terial priesthood of those who are ordained. The ministerial priesthood gives to the ordained minister the power to celebrate the Mass. The baptismal priesthood gives to the baptized the right to participate in the Mass.

White garment

It signifies the new life of a child of God received in baptism as well as the cleansing from original sin and personal sin. It was said that when Constantine the Great was baptized toward the end of his life, he took great pride in wearing the white garment instead of his kingly robes.

Lighted candle 

It signifies the faith that in the future the child should live for all to see clearly. It also represents the light of Christ. The child no longer lives in the shadow of sin but in holiness.

CONCLUSION

Try this exercise at home.

While sitting at your desk, make clockwise circles with your right foot. While doing this, draw the number "6" in the air with your right hand. Your foot will change direction.

In the same way as baptized Christians the life we lead must follow the faith we profess with our lips.

EPIPHANY

“Where is the newborn king of the Jews? We saw his star at its rising and have come to do him homage.”

Mt 2:1-12

GOSPEL EXPLANATION

When Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, in the days of King Herod...

This was Herod the Great. He had the right to be called "the Great" because he was the king who was able to bring some form of peace and order in Palestine. He was the builder of the Temple in Jerusalem. He could be compassionate. During the famine of 25BC, he melted his golden plate in order to buy corn for the starving people. But he could be cruel. He had 3 of his sons assassinated on suspicion that they were after his crown. Thus, we are not at all surprised that he was capable of the massacre of the Holy Innocents.

Behold, magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem....

 The term "magi" has many meanings. The Persian priests were called "magi". Magicians were also called "magi". In this particular context the magi were probably astrologers. The mention of magi from the East in Matthew's infancy narrative was probably meant to contrast the unbelief and rejection of Jesus by the religious and political leaders of the people (Herod, the chief priests and the scribes) on the one hand, and the acceptance pagans in the person of the magi who adored the child of Bethlehem.

Where is the newborn king of the Jews? We saw his star at its rising.

 Matthew had in mind the Old Testament story of Balaam, who had prophesied that "A star shall advance from Jacob" (Numbers 24:17).

Then they opened their treasures and offered him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh.

Incense and myrrh were the traditional riches and perfumes of Arabia. According to Isaiah(60:6)the Messiah would receive gifts from foreign nations,"Caravans of camels shall fill you, dromedaries from Midian and Ephah; All from Sheba shall come bearing gold and frankincense, and proclaiming the praises of the Lord."

3rd SUNDAY OF ADVENT (C)

The crowds asked John the Baptist,“What should we do?”

Lk 3:10-18

GOSPEL EXPLANATION

The gospel passage of today may be divided into two parts. The first part is about the answer of John the Baptist to the question: “What should we do?” The second part is about the Christ.

To the question, “What should we do?” John’s answer was to share one’s food and clothing. To the tax collectors, his response was to collect only what was prescribed. To the soldiers, he said that they should not to resort to extortion, and false accusation and that they should be content with their pay. It is interesting to note that John did not ask his hearers for religious acts but for acts of justice and charity.

The second part is about the people’s question about the identity of John the Baptist. Could he be the Christ? The use of the title, the Christ and not the title, the Messiah, is significant. It is possible that St. Luke wanted to avoid the political undertones of the title, the Messiah. John denied being the Christ. In fact, compared to the Christ he was even lower than a slave. A slave unties the thongs of the sandal of his master. He was not even worthy to do that.

John the Baptist also describes what the Christ would do. He would baptize with the Holy Spirit and fire. This was fulfilled on the day of Pentecost when the Holy Spirit appeared as tongues of fire. He would also use his winnowing fan to separate the chaff from the grain. This is an image of the judgment that the Christ would make: rewarding the good and punishing the evil ones.

BEING HAPPY

Go to <Happiness>

2nd SUNDAY OF ADVENT (C)

A voice of one crying out in the desert: “Prepare the way of the Lord."

Lk 3:1-6

EXPLANATION OF THE GOSPEL

In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar….

Why did St. Luke include historical data in his narrative? By situating the story of John the Baptist and later of Jesus in the context of history, he might want to re-assure us that everything he writes is not made up. The story of John the Baptist and of Jesus is historical fact.

The word of God came to John the son of Zechariah in the desert.

This expression identifies John the Baptist as a prophet. His role is that of precursor, that is, he prepares for the coming the Messiah among his people.

THE ROAD

The gospel speaks about the way of the Lord. It also talks about winding roads and rough ways. I will dwell on the words road and way for this Sunday’s reflection.

Rough Road

If you take the Silangan exit of the South Luzon Expressway, you’ll come to see the bad situation of the road. In many places the cement has cracked so much so that you have to drive slowly. For this reason the companies of the industrial estate came together and pooled their resources in order to repair the road. In the process, however, only one side of the road can be used in certain places. Thus, you have to stop and wait for incoming the vehicles to pass through.

In the same way, if we want to prepare the way of the Lord in our lives, we have to invest time and energy and make certain sacrifices in order to set things aright. For example, if we want to give up certain bad habits such as laziness or gossiping about people, we have to make the effort to exercise vigilance. We have to be on the alert so that if we were tempted to gossip about others, we would catch ourselves and keep our mouth shut instead. It would also mean making the effort at the end of the day to monitor our performance regarding the bad habit that we have decided to give up. This is called the examination of conscience.

Loosing One's Way

It was a holiday and a group of mountain hikers decided to climb to the summit of Mt. Makiling. Since there was already a trail to the top, they made it there only in a few hours. Having rested and enjoyed the panorama up there, the group decided to start going down. At some point, they lost their way. They started to panic when they found out that they were walking in circles. They kept on returning to the place where they started. They did not believe in superstition. But in their desperation, they did what the old folks used to say to those who got lost. They should wear their shirts inside out. They did and to their surprise and great relief, they found their way back.

Loosing one’s way is not only about making the wrong turn or taking the wrong street. Loosing one’s way can also mean straying from the path that is good and taking the path that is bad. To return to the right path, to find our way back, we need conversion. It is a 180-degree turn. But it is not just a matter of saying: “I have been lazy at home. From now on I will not be lazy at home.” One has to be more specific. I will, therefore say: “I have been lazy at home. From now on I will take the initiative of cleaning the house.” It is not helpful to say“I have been neglecting my family. From now on I will not neglect them.” I have to be more specific. I will say “I have been neglecting my family. From now on once I arrive home, I will go and look for my wife and my children and ask how their day went.”

FIRST SUNDAY OF ADVENT (C)

MARANATHA - COME LORD JESUS, COME!

Happy New Year! Today is the first Sunday of the new Church year. Last Sunday, Christ the King was the last Sunday of the past Church year. The first Sunday of the new Church year is always the First Sunday of Advent.

There are four Sundays of Advent. They are to prepare us for the celebration of Christmas, which is the second most important feast of the year. The most important feast is Easter.

Advent means coming. We often think of this coming as the coming of Christ as man, that is, his birth in Bethlehem. Hence, the connection of Advent with Christmas. But Advent also includes two other “comings” of Christ: first, his coming at the end of time and second, his coming to us in our daily life. His coming at the end of time is the theme of the first part of the Advent season. In fact, Christ declares in the gospel: “And then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.” This expectation of the second coming is embodied in the early Christian prayer: “Maranatha. Come, Lord Jesus, come!”

THE FUTURE

Keeping one’s eyes on the future is a wise decision. Stephen Covey who wrote the book, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, had this in mind when he said: “Begin with the end in mind.” Keeping our eyes fixed on the future gives our life some direction.

For example, Jesus counsels us not to be taken by surprise by his second coming at the end of time. By keeping in mind his second coming, my effort to store up treasure in heaven becomes meaningful. This means that living according to spiritual values makes sense. Why? Because doing so will enable me to face Christ with confidence and not fear who will instruct his angels to gather the elect from the four corners of the earth.

Another example. In the future I may want to have a business of my own. This desired future gives direction to my life. This means that I will have to take the steps that will bring me to that desired future. The other side of the coin is to give up those steps that may not bring me to that desired future. One step that I might take is to enroll in a course in entrepreneurship. On the other hand, a step that I should avoid is being a spendthrift (wasteful with money). I need to build my capital to start my business.

THE PAST

Advent is not only about the future coming of Christ but also about his coming in the past, his becoming a man and his birth in Bethlehem in order to save his people from their sins. Recognizing the reason behind the birth of Christ as man, the only possible grateful response to him is repentance and conversion. That is why confession takes on great importance during the Advent season.

Looking at my past is also helpful in making me live my present in a better way. For instance, I might be experiencing lack of peace. Looking at my past, I might discover that someone had treated me badly. My response was to hold a grudge against that person and to look for the opportunity to take revenge. This was the reason why I lack peace in my heart. In order to restore peace in my heart, I might decide to let go of the grudge.

CONCLUSION

Someone had said: “The past is no more. The future is yet to come. The present is the only thing you have.” These words are not meant to devalue the past and the future. We have seen that the future and the past are important. Instead, those words are meant to tell us that among the past, present and future, the present is the most important.

The response of repentance and conversion to the offer of forgiveness by Christ has to be done now, in the present, and not in the future.

If I want to be happy in the present, I may have to stop worrying about the future. I may also have to let go of the hurts and the anger that have come from the past.

Heaven and the second coming may be a long way off in the future. But if I want to get to heaven, then I have to make sure that the steps I take now will bring me to heaven.

The achievement of my dreams will happen in the future. But again unless I take the steps in the present that will lead me to the fulfillment of my dreams, my dreams will remain only dreams forever.

CHRIST THE KING (B)

My kingdom does not belong to this world.

Jn 18: 33b-37

The liturgical year ends with solemnity of Christ the King. Next Sunday would be the First Sunday of Advent.

Are you the king of the Jews?

The official accusation against Jesus was his claim to kingship. That claim makes him an enemy of Rome.

Do you say this on your own or have others told you about me?

If the question was coming from Pilate, then the question meant: “Are you a rebel?” If it was coming from the Jewish leadership, then the question meant: “Are you the Messiah?”

My kingdom does not belong to this world.

Therefore, Jesus is not a threat to the rule of Rome over Palestine.

HANDED OVER

“If my kingdom did belong to this world, my attendants would be fighting to keep me from being handed over to the Jews.”

Judas handed Jesus over to the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin handed Jesus over to the Romans. Later the disciples of Jesus would also be handed over to those who would want to put an end to their mission.

In the New Testament, the verb “hand over” is not always used in the negative sense. In 1 Cor 11:2 we read: “I praise you because you remember me in everything and hold fast to the traditions, just as I handed them on to you.”

He says the same thing in 2Thess 2:15. “Therefore, brothers, stand firm and hold fast to the traditions that you were taught, either by an oral statement or by a letter of ours.”

Tradition is to be understood as the faith being handed over from one generation to the next.

Faith is to be taken in a wide sense. It includes Scriptures and the Sacraments. It includes customs and practices such as the requirement that the bishop be celibate. This is the reason why while Anglican married priests can be ordained as Catholic priests and remain married, but only unmarried Anglican priests can be consecrated bishops.

(unfinished)

33rd SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (B)

And then they will see 'the Son of Man coming in the clouds.

Mk 13:24-32

GOSPEL EXPLANATION

The description of the sun and moon darkening and the stars falling from the sky come from the prophet Isaiah while the imagery of the Son of Man coming in the clouds come from the prophet Daniel.
The elect come from the four winds. This means that salvation is not only for the Jews. Even non-Jews will be saved.

The fig tree bears fruit twice a year.

Jesus says that the return of the Son of Man will happen during the lifetime of those who are listening to Jesus. This is a problem because those listening to Jesus are long dead and he has not yet returned.

No one knows when the Son of Man will return even the Son. This is a problem because if Jesus is God how come he does not know when he supposed to return.

LITURGY

The last Sundays of the Liturgical year until the Second Sunday of Advent are all devoted to the theme of the Parousia or the Second Coming of Christ.

ESCHATOLOGY

The Parousia is described using apocalyptic and eschatological language, that is, in terms of destruction and natural calamities. The natural reaction is one of fear. The movie 2012 precisely narrates the story of the end of the world in terms of destruction. But one should not take this description literally.

Nevertheless, it will be a time of fear for those who will be punished. Instead, it will be a time of expectant joy for those who will be saved.

CREED

This belief in the second coming of Jesus as judge is found in the Apostles’ Creed. We declare: “He will come again to judge the living and the dead.”

32nd SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (B)

Amen, I say to you, this poor widow put in more than all the other contributors to the treasury.

Mk 12:38-44

GOSPEL EXPLANATION

The scribes were the interpreters of the Law. They were trustees of widows and received a fee for this service. By appearing pious they had more chances of being chosen as trustees and thus, had more chances of gaining more money. Hence, their praying was hypocritical and motivated by the desire for money.

The offering of the widow was two small coins (copper coins). They were called “lepta” and were the smallest coins in circulation. Her offering was significant because it came from her limited financial resources. We can really call it a sacrifice. The offerings of the wealthy, although much bigger in amount, were not a sacrifice because they did not suffer any inconvenience. After giving their offerings, they still retained huge amounts of money.

DEEPENING

Jesus points out three faults of the Scribes:
• Their desire for honor and importance. This is the sin of pride.
• Their prayers was all for show. This is the sin of hypocrisy or wrong intention.
• They exploited widows for personal financial gain. This is the sin of exploitation of the weak by the powerful.

Regarding the offering of the widow and of the rich, Jesus did not intend to belittle the offering of the rich, for how can you do much good with only 2 cents? For example, 2 cents can not build a school building for the children of a barrio. The point of Jesus is this: we need to learn to judge things with wisdom.

JUDGING AND DECIDING WITH WISDOM

There is a mayor who goes to every wake in the poor section of his city. He provides health services for them. On the other hand, he demands that one floor be given him for every tall building that is built in his city. Someone said that he would continue voting for this mayor because he is helping the poor. Did he judge with wisdom?

Let’s go to parenting.

A woman introduced herself to a group of young mothers by saying: “I’m only an ordinary housewife.” She used the word ordinary to mean that she did not do anything extraordinary in terms of professional achievement, social involvement and wealth generation. If you were to read her CV (curriculum vitae), there’s nothing there to call your attention. Together with her husband she decided to quit working and become a full-time mother and wife. Their three children have never been in serious trouble in their growing years. They are now professionals and are financially secure. They are happily married with growing children. But at times she did feel some sadness at giving up her promising career. She would, however, tell herself that giving up her career to take care of her children, all boys, was worth it. Did she judge with wisdom?

Let’s turn now to our Christian life, specifically, about the Sunday obligation of rest and Mass.

I once took a jeepney and sat in front. I engaged the driver in small talk. Realizing that I was a priest, he confessed that he had to work even on Sundays since he had to earn enough money to send his children to school. He also was unable to go to Mass. However, to make up he would make the sign of the cross every time he passes a church. Did he make a wise decision?

A family was engaged in the business of selling dressed chicken. They used to open their store even on Sundays. But one day the couple decided to close their store on Sundays. They reasoned out that opening their business on Sundays was not necessary since they could get by even with only six days of business. Did the couple make a wise decision?

CONCLUSION

Judging and deciding with wisdom ultimately means judging and deciding on the basis of higher values. Sometimes these higher values are not shared by others, even by those who are close to us. And this may make things difficult. This is to be expected. After all Jesus Christ did not promise us a rose garden.

27th SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (B)

For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh.

Mk 10:2-16

GOSPEL EXPLANATION

The gospel reading is divided into two parts:
• Teaching about divorce
• The Kingdom of God and children

The Kingdom of God and Children.

Whoever does not accept the kingdom of God like a child will not enter it."

• The child referred to here may be up to 12 years old.
• It is not the innocence of a child that Jesus wanted to highlight. Rather it is his total dependence that makes him welcome the Kingdom of God with joy and gratitude.

Let the children come to me; do not prevent them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these.

• It has been suggested that this passage was used to justify the practice of infant baptism.

Divorce.

Therefore what God has joined together, no human being must separate.

• The divorce referred to is that one whose purpose is re-marriage.
• Jesus teaches that marriage creates an unbreakable sacramental bond between husband and wife.

26th SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (B)

Whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him if a great millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown into the sea.

Mk 9:38-43, 45, 47-48

GOSPEL EXPLANATION

The gospel for today may be divided into three parts:
• The exorcist. Jesus teaches tolerance.
• Reward. A good deed done to a disciple of Christ will be rewarded.
• Scandal.

He who scandalizes one of these little ones who believe, it would be better if a the millstone of an ass is tied around his neck and be thrown into the sea.

The phrase “he who scandalizes…” may be translated as “He who causes one of these little ones who believe to fall…” Others translates it as “he who casues one of these ones who believe to sin….”

In the gospel “to scandalize” does not mean to give a bad example or to do a disgusting deed. The Greek word means to put an obstacle, or to trip. In Matthew’s gospel, Jesus tells Peter who has been reproving Jesus for talking about his passion and death: “Away from me, Satan. You are a scandal to me.” Jesus was not telling Peter: “You are giving me a bad example.” No. Instead, he was telling Peter: “You are an obstacle to me. You are preventing me from obeying the Father’s will.”

What are the possible sources of scandal? The gospel speaks of hand, foot and eye. But there are other sources as well.

Surprisingly Jesus may be a source of scandal. In what sense? When Jesus was brought to the Temple, Simeon uttered this prophecy: “He will be the cause of the fall and rise of many in Israel.” Jesus may be the cause of your fall (scandal also means to trip) if in the face of his teachings, we reject them or refuse to live by them.


Persecution may be a source of scandal or fall. Remember that not all of the companions of Lorenzo Ruiz died for the faith. Some of them denied Jesus to avoid torture and death.

The world may be a source of scandal or fall. Technology may be used by some to cheat other people. We just have to recall the Nigerian scam through email.

People are often the source of scandal or fall of others. A high school student was caught shoplifting at SM Mega Mall. He did it because he was prodded to do so by his classmates.

When Jesus spoke of the little ones who believe, he was not talking about children. He was speaking about adults with a simple faith or whose faith is still weak.

There are two kinds of millstone. The small one can grind wheat with the use of one hand. The bigger one grinds wheat with the use of an animal, like an ass. The millstone Jesus was speaking of is the big one.

What about Gehenna?

This Greek word, as all authorities admit, is derived from the name of the narrow, rocky Valley of Hinnom which lay just outside Jerusalem. It was the place where refuse was constantly burned up. Trash, filth, and the dead bodies of animals and despised criminals were thrown into the fires of gehenna, or the Valley of Hinnom. Ordinarily, everything thrown into this valley was destroyed by fire—completely burned up. Therefore, Christ used gehenna to picture the terrible fate of unrepentant sinners! (from Bible Tools)

25th SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME ( B)

“If anyone wishes to be first, he shall be the last of all and the servant of all.”

Mk 9:30-37

CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP

Jesus had been teaching his apostles that he must suffer and die. If that were the case, then who would become leader when he is gone? That was probably what they meant when they were discussing who was the greatest among them.

Jesus took the opportunity to explain the kind of leadership that is expected among them. The leader is the servant. The servant-leader is he who seeks the wel-fare of the community. In this community the servant-leader has authority but this authority is meant to enable him as servant-leader to effectively work for the good of the said community. But in this community it is the weakest that are closest to his heart.

Two well-known figures who are poles apart may serve to illustrate the concept of servant-leader.

The first is Lee Kwan Yew. In 1965 Singapore was expelled from Malaysia. As its first prime minister, he transformed Singapore into a financial and industrial pow-erhouse, despite the lack of natural resources. He turned a malarial land into a mod-ern city-state. However, he is an authoritarian, by Western standards. Nevertheless, he qualifies as a servant-leader for he had the welfare of his nation at heart.

The second example is Mother Teresa of Calcutta. She best exemplifies that special concern of the servant-leader for the weakest members of the community. She founded the Missionaries of Charity. Its mission was to care for "the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled, the blind, the lepers, all those people who feel unwanted, unloved, uncared for throughout society, people that have become a bur-den to the society and are shunned by everyone."

EXEGESIS

Perhaps Jesus did not want people to know where he was so that he could instruct his disciples without disturbance. The topic of his instruction was of utmost importance: his destiny and its significance.

Jesus and his disciples…began a journey through Galilee, but he did not wish anyone to know about it. He was teaching his disciples….

Perhaps Jesus did not want people to know where he was so that he could instruct his disciples without disturbance. The topic of his instruction was of utmost importance: his destiny and its significance.

But they did not understand the saying….

The disciples did not understand the instruction of Jesus because the suffering messiah did not fit into their concept of the Messiah. A person can not possibly un-derstand celibacy for the sake of the Kingdom if for him marriage is the only possible option for a human being.

Taking a child, he placed it in the their midst….

Jesus did not put forward a child because of its innocence. Rather Jesus wanted to put its powerlessness and dependence as a response to the apostles’ desire for power and position.

Whoever receives one child such as this in my name, receives me…

Other translations make use of the word “welcome” instead of “receive”. “To welcome” and “to receive” mean to respect and serve, that is, to be concerned about the well-being of the powerless.

24TH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (B)

The Son of Man must suffer greatly and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests, and the scribes, and be killed, and rise after three days.

Mk 8: 27-35

The gospel this Sunday is divided into three parts:

• Part 1: The identity of Jesus. Who is this Jesus?
• Part 2: The destiny of Jesus, the Messiah. What will happen to Jesus?
• Part 3: The cost of discipleship. What is required of those who follow Jesus?
  

Who is Jesus?

According to the people, Jesus is a prophet who will prepare for the coming of the Anointed One (Messiah in Hebrew and Christ in Greek). But they are wrong. It is Peter who perceives the true identity of Jesus. Jesus is the Christ.

What is the destiny of Jesus, the Messiah or the Christ?

According to Jesus, he must suffer at the hands of the Sanhedrin. The Sanhed-rin is the supreme religious governing body of the Jews. It is made up of 71 members coming from the aristocracy, the priestly families and the scribes. At that time, Caiaphas was the high priest.

Hearing this, Peter reacts by telling Jesus not to talk this way. Jesus responded by calling Peter, Satan, for like Satan Peter is preventing Jesus from ful-filling the Father’s will.

“Get behind me, Satan” is meaningful. Peter was probably in front of Jesus. In the position, he was blocking the way of Jesus. It symbolizes Peter preventing Jesus from doing the Father’s will. By telling Peter to get behind him, Jesus was telling Peter not to be a Satan but a disciple. For where do you expect the disciple to be but behind the Master, following his footsteps?

It is interesting to note that Peter seems to not have heard completely the words of Jesus. He seems have missed Jesus saying that after having been killed, he would rise after three days. In other words, the destiny of Jesus was not tragedy but victory.

What does it cost a person to become a disciple of Jesus?

If you want to maintain a master-disciple relationship with Jesus, you must be prepared to suffer rejection and death like Jesus. But the story does not end there. Like Jesus, the disciple will also experience victory.

DESTINY

Jesus perceived that his destiny was to suffer at the hands of the Sanhedrin. Jesus sees the Father’s will in his destiny. For this reason, he feels he MUST face it even if it appears to be a tragedy. But by accepting the Father’s will, he wins the salvation of mankind and becomes its Savior.

Ninoy Aquino felt the need to leave the comforts of exile in the United States and return to the Philippines. He wanted to convince the dictator Ferdinand Marcos to give up power and return the Philippines to democracy. He knew that it might cost him his life for he had been warned by Imelda Marcos. But he felt he MUST do it. It was his destiny. He did return. He did die. It may seem at the time that his destiny was tragic. But looking back now, we know that his death was a turning point in Philippine history. Three years later the dictator and his family fled Malacanang. Democracy was restored and Ninoy Aquino was hailed a hero.

Destiny in Pilipino is “kapalaran”. Its root is the word “palad”, that is palm. Destiny is often understood as already written in the palm of one’s hand, that is, one’s destiny is already determined. It is unavoidable. There is no way out of it. In this sense, you are a helpless victim of destiny. This is not how we understand the destiny of Jesus and Ninoy.

But there is another way of looking at destiny and it is to understand destiny as something that is in your hands, that is, your destiny depends on you.

First, it depends on you because you and you alone have to discover your des-tiny. By looking at the world and by listening to your heart, you will discover your destiny. Ninoy Aquino looked at the situation of the Filipino people. He saw them suffering at the hands of the dictator Marcos and his cronies. He listened to his heart. His heart told him that it was his duty to try to set the people free. It looked like an impossible dream. But he felt he had to do it.

And second, it depends upon you because you have to make a decision to fulfill your destiny. At least three times, Jesus could have avoided suffering and death at the hands of the Sanhedrin but he chose not to. These times were: the temptation in the desert, the rebuke of Peter and the agony in Gethsemani.

Ninoy could have decided to remain in the United States and enjoy his exile there with his family. He could have decided not to go because there was a threat of assassination. But he decided to return. He declared that the Filipino was worth dying for. And die he did.

By looking at the world in which we live, by listening to what our heart is telling us what to do in this world and by deciding to do what our heart is telling us, we shall fulfill our destiny, our kapalaran. And in so doing, we not only become better for it. We also leave this world better than it was before.

23rd SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (B)

“He has done all things well.”

Mk7:31-37

Again Jesus left the district of Tyre and went by way of Sidon to the Sea of Galilee, into the district of the Decapolis.

Jesus was in pagan territory, that is, the inhabitants were non-Jews.

And people brought to him a deaf man who had a speech impediment and begged him to lay his hand on him.

Curing the deaf and mute was expected of the Messiah. “Then will the eyes of the blind be opened, the ears of the deaf be cleared; Then will the lame leap like a stag, then the tongue of the dumb will sing. Streams will burst forth in the desert, and rivers in the steppe” (Is 35:5-6).

He took him off by himself away from the crowd.

To keep the healing secret and his identity as the Messianic.

He put his finger into the man’s ears and, spitting, touched his tongue.

These actions were what healers during the time of Jesus were doing. However, the difference was that these actions of those healers were thought to produce healing by themselves, that is, they worked like magic. In the case of Jesus, it was the power of Jesus that produced healing.

Then he looked up to heaven and groaned, and said to him, “Ephphatha!”— that is, “Be opened!”

Ephphatha was incorporated into the ancient rite of baptism.

But the more he ordered them not to, the more they proclaimed it.

The verb used here is “kerusso” (κήρΰσσώ) from which the noun kerygma is derived. That noun is used to translate the proclamation of the good news. The proclamation about the healing of Jesus is an anticipation of the proclamation of the good news (gospel).

“He has done all things well.”

Astonishment and awe is the response of Christians before the work of God carried out by Jesus Christ.

PRAISE

I heard someone say this: “Don’t praise anyone, otherwise he will become proud. When he is dead, that is the time to praise him.” What do you think about this statement? Would you agree with it?

In my opinion it is the fear of appearing proud that makes us belittle our suc-cesses and achievements outwardly. When someone tells us, “ang galing naman!”, we respond with “hindi naman.” When someone tells us: “Congratulations for winning”, we respond with: “Chamba lang ‘yon.”

But humility is truth. The only proper response to praise is “thank you”. I once heard an actor who received a trophy begin and end his speech with thank you’s. In fact he began by saying, “First of all, I would like to thank him (pointing his fingers upward) for this trophy.” And he followed that by a litany of thanks. He mentioned his director, his fellow actors, his wife and children, etc.

Educational psychology and parenting manuals state that students and children thrive when there is more praise than blame. This is because a child who is often praised feels encouraged while a child who is often blamed is feels discouraged.

Moreover, a teacher or a parent who is seen as a source of encouragement is able to get the cooperation and good will of the student or the child. Whereas the parent or teacher who is seen as a source of discouraging remarks are disliked. Would you want to cooperate with someone who you dislike?

For this reason, when I was principal, I made it a point to praise publicly the senior students for a job well done. But when I had to scold them, I made it a point to do so away from the hearing of the lower years. I also made sure that I explain why I was scolding them. I would end by expressing my confidence in them.

In connection with parenting, fathers should keep in mind that a boy desper-ately needs his father’s blessing. The boy must know that he has the approval of his father. Consider the tragedy of this story. The team of a high school student won the gold medal in the school intramurals. He was excited to show it to his father. He wanted his father to be proud of him. When he arrived home, he went straight to his father to show him the gold medal. The response of the father was: “Where did you buy that gold medal?” The boy burst into tears.

One characteristic of a happy family is mutual affirmation and appreciation. Affirmation and appreciation makes you feel that you are valued.

One religious community made it a tradition to hold an appreciation circle for the birthday celebrator. After the special supper, each one takes turn in telling the celebrator the good that he sees in him. You might want to do it differently; you might want to write your words of appreciation on a birthday card.

Affirmation and appreciation are not only needed in families. The workplace can also benefit much from it. In some stores, the manager gathers the employees before opening time. One manager uses that time to congratulate a team or an individual for work well-done.

Does God need our appreciation? In a sense, yes. In as much as he has decided to create us and to relate with us as a father with his children, he desires the appreciation of his children. The prayer of praise and thanksgiving is precisely the way by which we express our appreciation to God.

I suggest that at the end of the day, before you go to sleep, review the day and discover how God has been good to you. Your discovery should lead to prayer of praise and thanksgiving.

I have told you in the beginning about the advice of an elderly person. He said we should not praise a man while he is still alive for fear that it would make him proud. He said we should wait until he is dead. Do you agree with him?

I for one, don’t. I feel that even if the only good that praise brings is a happy person, it is still worth the effort of being generous with our praise towards others.

22nd SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (B)

Nothing that enters one from outside can defile that person; but the things that come out from within are what defile.

Mk 7:1-9. 14-15. 21-23

The issue of ritual purity involves keeping distance from certain things that were considered unclean. For example, pigs, blood, lepers and the dead were considered unclean. A person becomes unclean when he touches things that were ritually unclean. He has to undergo ritual purification or cleansing.

Jesus castigates the Pharisees on two counts. The first, for their hypocrisy. A hypocrite is someone who puts on a show in order to draw attention to himself. The second is for putting man’s law above God’s law. The Law of Moses is not just the Ten Commandments. It also 613 precepts. These observance of these pre-cepts is governed by rules and regulations which according to an author can fill up 50 volumes. The Pharisees have made these rules and regulations more important than God’s Law.

Nothing that enters one from outside can defile that person; but the things that come out from within are what defile.

From where do the things that defile a man come from? From within, that is, from his mind and heart. I shall speak about the mind and heart from which come not only evil but also good.

Because the mind and heart can be the source of evil, we not only sin in word and deed but also in thought. For example, when a colleague gets a promotion, I may react by being envious. We feel sad at the food fortune of another. When I accept that feeling of sadness, then I commit the sin of envy.

Sometimes envy leads to a sinful deed. For example, I can back stab that colleague who was promoted by criticizing him behind his back.

Another way by which I can sin is by entertaining wicked desires. The Ten Commandments forbids us from desiring what belongs to our fellowman. You shall not desire your neighbor’s wife. You shall not desire neighbor’s goods.

I met someone from the customs. He tells me that he has never been involved in corruption. I praised him for that. But he replied by saying that it was because there was never an opportunity. Although he never actually engaged in corruption he still committed evil because he entertained the evil desire of financial gain through corruption.

If the mind and heart is source of evil, it is also the source of good. A com-munist was engaged in organizing labor unions because he wanted to do something to improve the plight of the working class. One day he realized that his work among the labor unions did not produce as much good as he liked. He left the communist movement and now works an NGO. The desire to help the working class is a good desire. That good desire made him work with an NGO.

Sometimes the good thoughts planted in a person’s heart becomes an intense desire that leads to wonderful results.

One day Dominic Savio heard Don Bosco say these words in a sermon: “It is God’s will that we become saints. It is easy to become a saint. There is a great reward in heaven for those who become saints.” Those words inspired him. He went to Don Bosco and said: “I will never be at peace until I become a saint.” Don Bosco became his spiritual director. Today Dominic Savio is Saint Dominic Savio, a 15 yr. old Saint.

If the good is to take root in our hearts and minds, then we have to feed them with good thoughts and holy desires.

One way is through spiritual reading. When I was in high school, I read the life of St. Dominic Savio. I was inspired to imitate him. When I was in the novitiate, I read the book “The Family That Overtook Christ”. It was about the father and brothers of St. Bernard of Clairvaux. They either became Saints or Blesseds. That book also inspired me.

A second way is by prayerfully reading the Bible. God has touched the hearts of many saints who read or heard the Word of God, among them was St. Ignatius of Loyola who left the army and became a priest and founder of the Jesuits.

A third way is by keeping the company of people who are optimistic, who live by gospel values and who are motivated to achieve. This implies that one should avoid the company of people who are a bad influence.

One other saintly student of Don Bosco was Michael Magone. Don Bosco met him for the first time at the train station. When Don Bosco invited him to his school and learn a trade, he quickly accepted Don Bosco’s offer because he said that many of his friends were already in jail and he knew that he would also end up in jail if he did not leave their company.

How do we act in the face of depressing events? How do we get rid of our minds and hearts of negative thoughts?

The first is by counting your blessing. When we are depressed or discouraged, the natural tendency is to focus only on the bad news. By doing so, we become more depressed or discouraged. In order to drain our minds and hearts of negative thoughts, we should get a piece of paper and divide it into two columns. On one column we write what is causing us the depression and discouragement. On the second column we recall all the good things that have happened to us. We will be surprised at how long list will be. And we shall start to feel better.

The second is by making an act of faith. When the her husband died suddenly, she was left with three sons. One was already in college. She had to be strong for her sons. Where did she find the strength? In her faith in God. She told her sons: “Wag kayong mag-alala. Hindi tayo pababayaan ng Diyos.”

The mind and the heart is the source of both good and evil.

Hence, we should not entertain sinful thoughts and desires. On the contrary, we should nurture positive thoughts and desires.

In order to do that, we should engage in spiritual reading and keep the company of optimistic people, of good people, of people who aim high.

When we are depressed and discouraged, we can counteract the negative thoughts by counting our blessings and by making an act of faith.

ADVISORY

Since I'll be away many times these coming weeks, I will probably not be able to upload anything these coming weeks. Perhaps by August I'll be able to upload regularly.

12th SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME (B)

"Why are you terrified? Do you not yet have faith?"

Mk 4:35-41

Jesus was sound asleep at the rear end of the boat. He was probably very tired so that even with the noise of the wind and the pounding of the waves, he remained asleep. The apostles were experienced fishermen. They knew they were in a dangerous situation. So they woke Jesus and reproached him: “Don’t you care that we’ll all die?” Jesus commanded the wind and the waves to keep still. And the sea became calm once more. Now Jesus turned to his apostles and reproached them: “Why are you so afraid? Don’t you believe that I care about you?”

Today we will confront the problem of evil in the world.

During World War II in a Nazi concentration camp, four men were hanged in front of all the prisoners. One of them was just a teenager. It took him a while to die because he was not heavy enough. One of the prisoners survived the concentration camp. After World War II, he wrote about his experiences in that camp. Talking about the hanging, he wrote that at that moment he asked: “Where is God?”

Hundreds of years before during the persecution of Catholics in England, many Catholics were tortured and put to death for remaining firm in the Catholic faith. One man wrote: “God must be asleep.”

Stated simply the problem is: If there is an all-powerful and good God, how come there is so much evil in the world? Either there is no God or there is God but evil is more powerful than God.

Some will say: “Let us trust God. He knows what he is doing that is why he allows evil to happen in the world.”

Others will say that God allows evil to happen but he will find a way to bring good out of that evil. This is the meaning of the statement: God writes straight with crooked lines.

Viktor Frankl was a psychiatrist. He died in 1997. He was a survivor of the Nazi concentration camp. He did not ask question: “If there is a God, how come were are suffering here in a Nazi concentration camp?” But he did offer the secret of surviving suffering. The secret is faith. He said once you lose faith, you will not survive. In fact, many committed suicide by flinging themselves on the electrified barbed wires of the concentration camp.

Rabbi Kushner lost his son to premature aging. This caused in him a crisis of faith. He survived that crisis and wrote a book to help people to survive suffering and evil. The title of the book is “When Bad Things Happen to Good People”. He is not a Christian. He is Jewish. But he does give an answer that we find in the book of Job. And it is this: “If we want to find an explanation as to why good people suffer, we will discover in the end that there is no satisfying answer.” Where does that leave us? It leaves us with the advice of Viktor Frankl. Keep your faith in God. It is that faith that will give you the strength to survive and go on living meaningfully.

Let us turn to Scriptures regarding the problem of evil and suffering.

What does St. Paul say? He complains of a thorn in the flesh. It may refer to a sickness, to a temptation or to a person who was giving him a hard time. He asked Jesus to free him from this thorn. But Jesus replies that his grace is enough to help Paul withstand this thorn. “Therefore, that I might not become too elated, a thorn in the flesh was given to me, an angel of Satan, to beat me, to keep me from being too elated. Three times I begged the Lord about this, that it might leave me, but he said to me, "My grace is sufficient for you, for power is made perfect in weakness" (2Cor 12: 7-9). Someone had this in mind when he said: “God will not lead you where his grace can not keep you.” Here again the Christian response to suffering and evil is faith.

In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus talks about the providence of God. Providence means that God takes care of us. He does not abandon us. “Look at the birds in the sky; they do not sow or reap, they gather nothing into barns, yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are not you more important than they? Can any of you by worrying add a single moment to your life-span? Why are you anxious about clothes? Learn from the way the wild flowers grow. They do not work or spin. But I tell you that not even Solomon in all his splendor was clothed like one of them. If God so clothes the grass of the field, which grows today and is thrown into the oven tomorrow, will he not much more provide for you, O you of little faith?” (Mt 6: 26-30). We have been told that the Christian response to suffering and evil is faith. In this passage this faith is explained. We are told to believe in the providence of God. It means that God takes care of us because we are important in the eyes of God.

St. John Bosco experienced surviving a famine because of his mother’s faith in the providence of God.

St. John Bosco’s father died when he was barely 2 years old. On his death bed, his father encouraged his mother, “Margaret, have confidence in God.” Francis Bosco died leaving Margaret three children and his ailing mother.

That year there was drought. There was hunger everywhere. They found dead people in the fields with grass in their mouths. They were trying to relieve their hunger.

The Bosco family were farmers. They, too, were hungry. They asked a neighbor to buy food at the surrounding villages even at an exorbitant price. But he returned empty-handed. Margaret gathered the family and they knelt in prayer. Rising to her feet, Margaret said that her husband recommended confidence in God. She decided to kill the calf to provide food for the family. That calf was their insurance for the future.

With faith in the providence of God, but also with hard work, thrift and resourcefulness, the Bosco family survived the famine of that year.

Evil and suffering are inescapable. It is part of our life on earth. What is the secret to surviving evil and suffering? Faith in the providence of God.

CORPUS CHRISTI (B)

This is my blood of the covenant.

Mk 14:12-16, 22-26

When I was in the minor seminary way back in the late 60’s, I applied to be a member of the brass band. I was given to learn the piccolo. It’s a small clarinet (hence, piccolo) in the key of E flat.

One day our band master told us we had to learn to play several traditional church songs fast. Not only that we had to learn playing those songs while on the move.

It turned out that we were invited for the procession of Corpus Christi in one of the big parishes nearby.

The solemnity of Corpus Christi is the solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ. This solemnity is traditionally celebrated on a Thursday. But some countries have chosen to celebrate it on a Sunday in order to allow as many Catholics as possible to celebrate it.

For this year’s solemnity of Corpus Christi, I have chosen this passage as our jumping point: “This is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed for many.”

The word “covenant” means a solemn contract, oath or bond. In the Bible “covenant” refers to the solemn contract between God and his people. The Bible speaks mainly of the Old Covenant and the New Covenant.

The Old Covenant was ratified on Mt. Sinai. The New Covenant, on Mt. Cal-vary. The mediator of the Old Covenant was Moses. That of the New Covenant was Jesus. The Old Covenant was between Yahweh and his people, Israel. The New Covenant, between God and his people who are believers in Jesus Christ. The Old Covenant was ratified with the blood of bulls. The New Covenant, with the blood of Jesus shed on the cross.

Let’s focus our attention only on the New Covenant. What are the important consequences of the existence of the New Covenant?

First, it means that a Christian is at the same time a member of the Church. There is no such thing as a Christian who does not belong to the Church. That is why two of the effects of Baptism are: becoming a child of God and becoming a member of the Christian community, the Church.

Second, if I behave in a way that is seriously contrary to being a good Christian, I can be expelled from the Church. This is called excommunication. For ex-ample, anyone actively involved in abortion is automatically excommunicated or expelled from the Church. This includes the woman who underwent abortion, the doctor and the nurses who performed the abortion and those people who advised the woman to undergo abortion.

Third, Gawad Kalinga is no longer a church organization both because it has lost the official recognition of the bishops and because it has cut itself from the bishops. It is now just a civic or social organization. Official recognition from the bishop or from the parish priest is important if a group is to be called a church organization.

Fourth, if I am a member of the Church, then I have to participate in the life of the Church. Worshiping together at Mass is participation in the life of the Church. Joining a pilgrimage, joining a procession, supporting Pondong Pinoy are ways of participating in the life of the Church.

The New Covenant is a covenant between God and his People, the Christians. But there is also another covenant. It is between two human beings and which Christ has raised to the dignity of a sacrament—marriage or matrimony.

Marriage is so sacred that St. Paul uses the relationship between Christ and the Church to describe the relationship between husband and wife: “As the church is subordinate to Christ, so wives should be subordinate to their husbands in eve-rything. Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ loved the church and handed himself over for her…” (Eph 5: 24-25).

Now some pieces of advice.

First, nothing gets better by being neglected. Your marriage will not become stronger by neglecting it. You have decided to get married because you have fallen in love with one another. But if you do not pay attention to one another, there is a danger that you will fall out of love with one another. On your wedding day, you became mag-asawa. But if you don’t nurture your married life, the time will come when “asawa” will lose the “a” and you will be “sawa” with one another.

How do you nurture your marriage? Take time out together. Go on a date. Only the two of you. Ask other couples for tips.

Second, on your wedding anniversary, celebrate. In my opinion, it is more important to celebrate your wedding anniversary than your birthday. Of course, this is true if your wedding is worth celebrating. And it is worth celebrating if you have been taking care of your marriage throughout the year.

How do you celebrate it? Go to mass together. After mass, renew your wed-ding vows. If a priest is available, do it before the priest. Go to a restaurant. Go ballroom dancing. Have fun together. If you have your unity candle, light it and say a prayer before going to bed.

This Sunday I said the following things.

Regarding the New Covenant. (1) To be a Christian is to be a member of the Church. (2) Excommunication is the penalty for serious unchristian behavior. (3) Recognition from the parish priest or bishop is necessary to be recognized as a Church organization. (4) I have to participate in the life of the Church. The Mass is a participation in the life of the Church.

Regarding marriage. (1) Nurture your marriage. Nothing gets better by being neglected. (2) Celebrate your wedding anniversary.